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Compare the rate of hydrolysis of some halogeno-compounds.
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Carmen Tse 7C 21 Chemistry Experiment No.19 Comparison of Rates of Hydrolysis of Halogeno-compounds Objective To compare the rate of hydrolysis of some halogeno-compounds. Introduction Halogeno-compounds are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and halogen. One of the characteristic reactions of haloalkanes is nucleophilic substitution reactions: Nu- + R-X --> R-Nu + X- In the above experiment, the nucleophile is H2O. OH- attacks the electropositive carbon centre and displaces a halide ion from the haloalkane. This kind of substitution is called hydrolysis. The halide ions substituted can be identified by silver nitrate solution. Ag+ (aq) + X- (aq) --> AgX (s) where X is the halide ions The overall equation is: OH- + R-X + Ag+ --> R-OH + AgX In this experiment, the rates of hydrolysis of halogeno-compounds are compared in 3 categories: 1. chloro-, bromo-, and iodoalkanes; 2. primary, secondary and tertiary haloalkanes; 3. haloalkane, halobenzene and (halomethyl)benzene Chemicals Ethanol about 20cm3 0.1M silver nitrate 10cm3 1-chlorobutane 5drops 1-bromobutane 15drops 1-iodobutane 5drops 2-bromobutane 5drops 2-bromo-2-methylpropane 5drops Bromobenzene 5drops Precaution Ethanol is volatile. It easily...
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