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Section 1.4 ORGANIC HALIDES
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Section 1.4 ORGANIC HALIDES Organic halides: A compound of carbon and hydrogen in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen atoms. Functional group: R - X Used in: * Freons (chlorofluorocarbons, CFCs) used in refrigerators and air-conditioners * Teflon (polytetrafluoroethene), the nonstick coating used in cookware and labware * The insecticide DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and the PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) used in electrical transformers Naming Organic Halides: Consider the halogen atom as an attachment on the parent hydrocarbon. The halogen name is shortened to fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, or iodo. Preparation: * alkenes and alkynes --> organic halides addition reactions with halogens or hydrogen halides * alkanes and aromatics --> organic halides substitution reactions with halogens or hydrogen halides Pathway to other groups: * alkyl halides --> alkenes elimination reactions, removing hydrogen and halide ions Properties of Organic Halides: The halogen atom on a hydrocarbon chain/ring makes the molecule more polar as the halogens are more electronegative than C and H...
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