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Outline how the main pollutants are formed in vehicle engines and the environmental problems they cause. Explain why different types of vehicle engines produce different exhaust emissions
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Skills for Chemistry: Open-book Paper 2007 Outline how the main pollutants are formed in vehicle engines and the environmental problems they cause. Explain why different types of vehicle engines produce different exhaust emissions. Nitrogen Oxide (NOx gasess) is formed when fuels are burnt. Traffic and cars are the biggest emitters of NOx in the United Kingdom. NOx is formed when air is heated above 800°C, where nitrogen and oxygen react. These temperatures are reached in lightening or in combustion processes. (i) At these high temperatures the oxygen will divide homolytically to make two separate radicals: O2 --> O + O Each radical then reacts in a catalytic cycle involving a nitrogen molecule and an oxygen molecule, which then forms nitrogen monoxide and oxygen radical: O + N2 --> NO + O N + O2 --> NO +O As the nitrogen monoxide cools it reacts with the oxygen to form nitrogen monoxide: 2NO + O2 --> 2NO2...
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