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The Period 3 Elements Element Na Mg Al Si P4 S8 Cl2 Ar Structure Metals Metalloid Non-metals (simple molecules) As you move from left to right the elements in period 3 go from highly electropositive metals through metalloids with giant structures to the simple molecular structure of non-metals. The Formulae of the Period 3 Oxides Across Period 3, the formulae of compounds show a regular pattern, which depends upon the number of electrons in the outer shell. The oxidation state of an element indicates the number of electrons involved in bonding. The relationship of the formulae of the Period 3 oxides with electronic structure and oxidation state is shown below. Element Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Electrons in outer shell 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Formula of oxide Na2O MgO Al2O3 SiO2 P4O6 P4O10 SO2 SO3 Cl2O7 Oxidation state of element in oxide +1 +2 +3 +4 +3 +5 +4 +6 +7 The amount of oxygen atoms per mole of the element increases steadily across Period 3. For each element in the Period, there is an increase of 0.5 mole of O per mole of element. Na1O0.5 Mg1O1 Al1O1.5 Si1O2 P1O2.5 S1O3 Cl1O3.5 This periodicity is also seen across Period 2 and 4: Period 2 Li2O BeO Be2O3 CO2 Period 3 Na2O MgO Al2O3 SiO2 Period 4 K2O CaO Ga2O3 GeO2 Preparation of Oxides from...

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