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Physical Properties of Group IV elements Trends and Patterns 1) The atomic radii increases down the group as the elements gain extra energy levels. The increased shielding effect of the full inner shells more than outweighs the increased nuclear charge and so the outer electrons are attracted less strongly. 2) Ionic radii increases down the group. Ions are much smaller than atoms because they have lost the outer energy level and the nuclear charge is attracting four fewer electrons. 3) Ionisation energies decrease down the group as the outer electrons become further from the nucleus and more highly shielded from the inner shells. The Inert-pair effect Each element has four outer electrons ns2 np2. The shielding of the outer shell for C and Si is quite efficient. However, as we descend the group due to the presence of d and f electrons, which offer poor shielding, the outer s electrons are withdrawn into the atomic core...

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