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Chemical Bonding Ionic and covalent bonding Theories of chemical bonding are based on the knowledge that: 1. Metallic elements from Groups I, II, III tend to lose electrons and form positive ions that have a noble gas configuration. Na Na+ Mg Mg+ (2, 8, 1) (2, 8) (2, 8, 2) (2, 8) 2. Non-metallic elements in Groups VI and VII gain electrons top form negative ions with a noble gas configuration. 3. Elements in groups IV and V do not form charged ions. 4. Noble gases do not form chemical bonds. A full outer shell of electrons has extra stability. IONIC BONDING This involves the transfer of electrons from metal atoms to a non-metal atom to form charged ions. The oppositely charged ions are held together by electrostatic attractions. Formation of cations is governed by ionisation energies, with Group I elements forming ions most readily and Group III elements forming ions with difficulty. Group IV elements never form ions because the ionisation energy is...

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