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Carbohydrates are named for their characteristic content of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CH2O).
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Carbohydrates are named for their characteristic content of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CH2O). Short chains containing from three to seven carbons form the monosaccharides, the individual building blocks of carbohydrates. Of these, trioses, pentoses and hexoses are most common in cells. All monocsaccharides occur in linear form and each carbon atom in the chain, except one, carries an -OH group. The remaining carbon carries a -C=O (carbonyl) group. In monosaccharides all other available binding sites of carbon are occupied by hydrogen atoms. The cabonyl oxygen of a linear sugar may be located at the end of the carbon chain as an aldeyde group or inside the chain as a keton group. Monosaccharides with five or more carbons can form a ring as well as a linear configuration. The rings form through a reaction between two functional groups in the same molecule. In the six-carbon monosaccharide (glucose), a covalent bond can form...
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