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States of Matter SOLID LIQUID GAS Atoms Al Electrons orbit the nucleus, it does this in shells, 1st shell holds a max of 2 electrons, after that shells hold up to 8 electrons. Proton = positive Neutron = neutral Electron = Negative Isotopes- atoms that are the same but can vary in the number of neutrons but have the same amount of protons. e.g. C C C IONIC BONDING In general metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions and non- metal atoms gain electrons to form negative ions. An ionic compound is formed when a metal atom joins with a non-metal atom. An electron is lost from sodium and gained in the Clorine making them both have full outer shells. Compounds with giant ionic structures * Made of crystals * Usually have high M.P. * Often soluble in water * Conducts electricity when melted of dissolved in water. COVALENT BONDING When two non-metal atoms react together, they share electrons to fill their outershells...

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