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Let us investigate the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride. The electrolyte contains charged particles, such as Na+ and Cl-, which move towards the electrodes during electrolysis. The charged particles are called ions. At the anode: Cl- ions lose an electron to the positive anode and form a neutral chlorine atom. Cl- -> Cl + e- The chlorine atoms then join up in pairs to form molecules of chlorine gas, Cl2. These molecules of chlorine gas now bubble off at the anode. Cl + Cl -> Cl2 The complete half-reaction is: 2Cl- -> Cl2 + 2e- At the cathode: Na+ ions near the cathode combine with electrons on the cathode forming neutral sodium atoms. Na+ + e- -> Na Electron/ion flow: Note the movement of ions in the electrolyte and the movement of electrons in the external circuit. The electric current is being carried through the molten sodium chloride by ions. Na+ ions remove electrons from the cathode and...

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