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Chemistry Investigation Which Ions Cause Hardness in Water? Objective of Investigation The objective of this investigation is to find out which ions out of the following cause hardness in water: Na+ Cl- Ca2+ Mg2+ K+ NO3- SO42- Fe2+ Prediction Due to the fact that I have already learnt that hard water is caused by calcium ions and magnesium ions, such as in the case of temporary hard water being caused by calcium hydrogen carbonate, I am certain that the subsequent experiment will echo those facts. It would also be logical to assume that the ions that cause hard water would be linked, or be similar in some way. As they would obviously share the same properties in causing hard water, one would assume that they would share other properties. Apart from causing hard water, calcium and magnesium also share other properties. They are in the same group in the periodic table, and thus their properties are in fact very similar. As...

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