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Peter Man 11Ashworth Chemistry GCSE: Coursework: Neutralisation Background information Substances that neutralise acids are called bases. Bases are alkali - they have pH's above 7; acids are acidic, and have pH's below 7. Bases that can dissolve in water are also known as alkalis. Acids Acids are compounds of non-metals with simple molecular structures. They all contain hydrogen (H) covalently bonded to other elements, like HCl, or H2SO4 (hydrochloric and sulphuric acid respectively). When an acid is dissolved in water, its molecules ionise. The hydrogen present in every acid has the potential to ionise; if it does, it becomes an H+ ion. It is the H+ ions that gives acids their acidic properties. The amount of an acid's molecules that ionise in water determines the strength of its acidity. Vinegar, for instance, is a weak acid, an only 1 in about 100,000 of its molecules ionise; on the other hand, almost all molecules of HCl ionise....

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