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Hard and soft water - Investigate how, as the volume of soap increases, the volume of lather produced from the reaction increases.
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Hard and soft water Gareth Milbourn Background information - Hard water Hard water is made when water runs over or through landscape containing calcium ( Ca ) and magnesium (mg ) ions. These materials dissolve into the water making it hard. If rain water falls on limestone or chalk - CaMg (CO ) (this is the common form of limestone which contains both ca and mg ions. Some forms of limestone contain only one of these materials but the result is just the same) then the carbonic acid present causes a reaction Ca CO +H CO Ca (HCO ) MgCO + H CO My(HCO ) Calcium Hydrogen carbonate and magnesium hydrogen carbonate [Ca(H(O ) ] isn't strongly soluble in water and therefore it forms temporary hard water. If rain water falls on gypsum (calcium sulphate) then the gypsum dissolves to make a solution known as hard water: Ca SO +H...
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