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from halogen element Production and use Rock salt deposits are usually mined; occasionally water is pumped down and brine, containing about 25 percent sodium chloride, is brought to the surface. When the brine is evaporated, impurities separate first and can be removed. In warm climates salt is obtained by evaporation of shallow seawater by the sun, to give bay salt. Chlorine is produced on a large scale by any of a number of different methods: 1. By electrolysis of a concentrated solution of sodium chloride in water. Hydrogen is evolved at the cathode, and chlorine at the anode. At the same time, an alkali metal hydroxide is produced in the electrolyte, and hence this process is often referred to as chlorine-alkali-electrolysis. The chemical reactions that take place at each electrode and the overall cell process are given in the following equations: in which the symbol e- represents a single electron. In the reaction vessel, free...

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