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Unit 3: esters Equipment 1. Measuring cylinder 2. Ethanol 3. Quick-fit flask 4. Glacial ethanoic acid 5. Concentrated sulphuric acid 6. Anti-bumping granules 7. Micro burner 8. Reflux apparatus 9. Anhydrous sodium carbonate 10. Anhydrous calcium chloride Method Place 15cm3 of ethanol in a 100cm3 round-bottomed quick-fit flask using a measuring cylinder. Add 12cm3 of glacial ethonoic acid to the flask. Cool the contents of the flask under running cold water and add 2cm3 of concentrated sulphuric acid drop by drop to the flask, whilst still cooling under the cold tap. Add 3 or 4 anti-bumping granules to the flask. Attach a water-cooled condenser and set up the apparatus ready to reflux using a micro burner. Reflux the mixture in the flask for 20 minutes Rearrange the apparatus for distillation and distil over the fraction that below 80c Add some anhydrous sodium carbonate to the distillate and mix well. The anhydrous sodium carbonate will react with any...

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