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Effect of type of halide on the rate of hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes
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Effect of type of halide on the rate of hydrolysis of halogenoalkanes Debbie Warner Introduction halogenoalkanes General formula- Rhal, (r is alkyl group, and Hal is a halogen atom) In this experiment I will investigate the effects of the nature of the halogen atom (Hal) has on the reactivity of the halogenoalkane. The rates of hydrolysis of different halogenoalkanes can be investigated by: * Alkaline hydrolysis with NaOH(aq)/H2O, reflux: R-X + OH-->R-OH + X * Acidification with dilute nitric acid. This removes excess NaOH, which would otherwise form a precipitate with the silver nitrate in the next stage. Preventing detection of silver halides. * Addition of AgNO3(aq) shows the presence of aqueous halide ions Ag(aq) + X (aq)-->AgX(s) The intensity of any precipitate indicates the extent and rate of hydrolysis. Two factors that effect the rate of hydrolysis Polarity predicts that the more polar C-Cl bond would attract water most easily and would give the faster reaction. Bond enthalpy predicts the opposite...
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