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Compare the concentrations of some alkalis in saturated solutions Group I Metals Constraints (if any) Group II Metals Constraints (if any) Li Lithium Be Beryllium Not readily available Na Sodium Mg Magnesium K Potassium Ca Calcium Must be used Rb Rubidium Not readily available Sr Strontium Cs Caesium Not readily available Ba Barium Not readily available Fr Francium Not readily available Ra Radium Element Alkaline hydroxide formed Solubility in mol.100g Solubility in moldm-3 Lithium LiOH 5.16 X 10-1 5.16 Sodium NaOH 1.05 10.5 Potassium KOH 1.71 17.1 Magnesium Mg(OH)2 2.0 X 10-5 2.0 X 10-4 Calcium Ca(OH)2 1.53 X 10-3 1.53 X 10-2 Strontium Sr(OH)2 3.37 X 10-3 3.37 X 10-2 Barium Ba(OH)2 1.5 X 10-2 1.5 X 10-1 Figures taken from "Nuffield Advanced Science - Book of Data" These figures are only approximate because instead of adding water to the solute to reach the required volume, they added the solute to the already measured volume, which pushed the volume just over that which was required. Solubility increases as you go down a group because the elements are ionic with a high degree of covalent character. This means they have a high polarising power. As you go down the group the ions get bigger and bigger and get less and less able to polarise. I have chosen hydrochloric acid as...

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