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Checking the Composition of a Kettle Descaler Equipment: * Burette with a stand and a white tile * 100 cm3 Conical Flask * Funnel * 10 cm3 pipette * 500 cm3 beaker for waste * Distilled water bottle * Scales * Spatula * Glass rod * 100 cm3 beaker * 100 cm3 volumetric flask and stopper Chemicals: * Phosphoric acid: H3PO4 * 0.05 mol. dm-3 of Sodium Hydroxide: NaOH * Methyl orange indicator Calculations and Balanced equations: H3PO4 + 3NaOH Na3PO4 + 3H2O Molar mass of NaOH = 40g. Mol-1 The concentration of NaOH = 0.05 mol. dm-3 Molar mass of H3PO4 = 98g. Mol-1 If 15 cm3 (0.015 dm3) of NaOH is used to neutralise the H3PO4 then the number of moles of NaOH = concentration X volume of NaOH used = 0.05 X 0.015 = 0.00075 moles You can then use the molar ratios gathered from the equation used above, of 3 moles of NaOH to every 1 mole of H3PO4 to find the number of moles of H3PO4 used: = 0.00075 / 3 =0.00025 moles So with this you...

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