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Causes of Acid Rain Emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the leading causes of acid rain. These toxins, a weaker form of automobile battery acid, arise from the use of coal in the production of electricity, base-metal smelting, and fuel combustion in vehicles. These emissions are converted to nitric acid and sulfuric acid. Electric utility plants, as seen in this picture from the EPA, account for about 70% of annual SO2 emissions and 30% of NOx emissions in the United States. The emissions then dissolve into the water of the atmosphere. This water is carried long distances by winds and then returned to Earth as rain, fog, or snow. Acid rain may also be caused by natural occurrences such as fires, wind-eroded soils, and volcanic eruptions. However, natural processes lead to a slow acidification of lakes and forests and are not the cause of the current controversy. Effects of Acid Rain Acid...

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