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BIOCHEMISTRY Contents Water Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins At least 80% of the mass of living organisms is water, and almost all the chemical reactions of life take place in aqueous solution. The other chemicals that make up living things are mostly organic macromolecules belonging to the 4 groups proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids. These macromolecules are made up from specific monomers as shown in the table below. Between them these four groups make up 93% of the dry mass of living organisms, the remaining 7% comprising small organic molecules (like vitamins) and inorganic ions. GROUP NAME MONOMERS POLYMERS % DRY MASS Proteins amino acids polypeptides 50 nucleic acids nucleotides polynucleotides 18 carbohydrates monosaccharides polysaccharides 15 GROUP NAME COMPONENTS LARGEST UNIT % DRY MASS lipids fatty acids + glycerol Triglycerides 10 The first part of this unit is about each of these groups. We'll look at each of these groups in detail, except nucleic acids, which are studied in module 2. WATER Water molecules are charged, with the oxygen atom being slightly negative and the hydrogen atoms being slightly...

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