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Ammonia The Structure of Ammonia The ammonia molecule has a pyramidal shape with a bond angle of 107º as shown above. The central nitrogen atom has five outer electrons with an additional electron from each hydrogen. This gives a total of eight electrons, or four electron pairs which are arranged tetrahedrally. Three of these electron pairs are used as bond pairs, which leaves one lone pair of electrons. The lone pair of electrons repel more strongly than bond pairs, therefore the bond angle is not 109.5º as expected for a regular tetrahedral arrangement, but is measured at 107º. Ammonia is a unidentate ligand. It can only donate one pair of electrons to a metal ion. It forms octahedral complexes with transition metals of the first row transition series. It also can act as a Lewis base as it can donate an electron pair. An example of this is the reaction between boron tetrafluoride...

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