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Speciation Speciation refers to the evolutionary process by which one or more new biological species arise from previously existing species. Intraspecific speciation occurs new species arise from one single species, and Interspecific hybridisation refers to two different species giving rise to a new species-an example of this is flowering plants. Allopatric speciation is speciation by geographic isolation-the new species evolves in geographic isolation from its ancestor. One species could become two different species if a physical barrier, such as a new river, divided its geographic range. If the barrier is large enough, gene flow between them would cease due to the inability of organisms or their gametes to meet, and the two separate populations would evolve independently. Over time, different alleles would be fixed in them, either because of mutation and drift, or because selection favoured different characters in the two. If the two populations are separated long enough for significant...

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