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How does saltation affect the sand dune ecosystem?  

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How does saltation affect the sand dune ecosystem? Introduction: A sand dune system is an example of an ecosystem, meaning it has abiotic and biotic factors that interact with each other through energy flows and nutrient cycles to produce a dynamic and fairly stable system. Within this system we can identify habitats with their own specific set of conditions and organisms, in the sand dune ecosystem these are called seral stages (the seral stages are embryo, fore, yellow and grey dunes). The conditions in the dunes change as the seral stage progresses away from the sea. The Formation of Sand Dunes Sand dunes form by a process known as saltation, which is the discontinuous movement, transition, or development; advancement by leaps. Sand can only be moved by strong, steady winds. The air must be moving at least 15 miles per hour to be able to pick up sand grains, by a coastline this is...

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