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Figure 1 An adult heart is made mainly out of cardiac muscle and needs to pump blood through blood vessels which are equivalent to 50,000 miles long. To do this it needs a good supply of blood and glucose. Cardiac muscle cells get their supply from coronary arteries (shown below). If one of these arteries were to become blocked then essential nutrients would not reach the heart as the blood supply would be reduced. This would interfere with the heart muscle's ability to contract. Figure 2 Coronary artery disease occurs when the coronary arteries become hardened and narrowed. The arteries harden and narrow (vasoconstriction) due to build up of plaque on their inner walls. The build up of plaque is known as atherosclerosis. In atherosclerosis, plaque deposits build up in the arteries. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances from the blood. Plaque build up in the arteries...

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