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Structure and Function of the Lungs Mat Simpkins (500words approx.) The main function of the lungs is (rapid) gaseous exchange. This is accomplished by a well-co-ordinated interaction of the lungs with the central nervous system, the diaphragm and chest wall muscle, and the circulatory system. The gas exchange surface of a mammal is the alveolus. There are numerous alveoli (air sacs) supplied with gases via a system of tubes (trachea, splitting into two bronchi (one for each lung) and numerous bronchioles, overall connected to the outside by the mouth and nose. These alveoli provide a massive surface area through which gases can diffuse. These gases diffuse a very short distance between the alveolus and the blood because the lining of the lung and the capillary are both only one cell thick, and being moist. Therefore, Gaseous exchange occurs at a fast rate. The entire blood volume of the body passes through the...

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