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Structure and Function in the Mammalian Heart Mammals have a double circulatory system; blood passes through the heart twice during a complete circuit. Having a double circulatory system means that our pressure is maintained and oxygen is efficiently obtained from our lungs. The heart contains four chambers: two upper chambers called the atria and two lower chambers called the ventricles. The two sides of the heart are divided by the septum which prevents blood flowing between the two separate sides. The heart is composed of cardiac muscle which can tirelessly contract and relax rhythmically. Because of having thinner cardiac muscle than the ventricles, the atria produce less force when they contract. On the other hand, blood is pushed out with greater force once it is in the ventricles because of the thicker cardiac muscle in the walls of the ventricles. The muscle of the left ventricle is thicker since blood is pushed through to the...

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