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Heart Transplants and the Use of Pacemakers. A transplant is the replacement of a patient's diseased heart with a normal organ from someone--called a donor--who has died. The donor's organ is completely removed and quickly transported to the patient, where it is reattached to the patient. The first human heart transplant was in December 1967 and they have no become commonplace. About 2300 heart transplants are performed each year in the USA alone. Until 1983 the operation was very problematical due to the high chance of rejection of the donor organ by the patient. The drug cyclosporine was then introduced. It is an immuno-suppressant drug which reduces the body's ability to produce antibodies to attack the donor organ. As a result of that drug the number of patients surviving at least a year after a transplant is 80%. Organ availability is the other factor limiting the number of successful transplants. Governments are trying...

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