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The Heart The heart is a highly efficient pump with four chambers. The two right chambers pump blood to the lungs, and the two left chambers pump blood to the rest of the body. The lower (major) pumping chambers are called the ventricles. These receive blood from the top chambers, the atria, during the heart's resting period. The heart has its own 'pacemaker' to control the rate of the heartbeat and ensure effective and coordinated pumping. This pacemaker is called the sinus node and is at the top of the right atrium. The normal heart rate is about 70 beats a minute at rest, and is influenced by exercise and emotion. The sinus node sends electrical signals directly to the atria, telling them to pump first. It then sends electrical signals to the ventricles through other nerve connections. What is an artificial pacemaker? The artificial pacemaker is an electrical...

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