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The Biological Importance Of Water In many ways, water is a miracle liquid. It is essential for all living things and is often referred to as a universal solvent because many substances dissolve in it. These unique properties result from the way in which water molecules interact with each other. Water is a simple molecule made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H2O). The atoms are bonded covalently via a shared pair of electrons. Thus there are four pairs of electrons orbiting the nucleus of the oxygen; two pairs are involved in the covalent bonds with hydrogen and two unshared pairs of electrons on the other side of the oxygen atom. Therefore oxygen develops a slight negative charge and the hydrogen atoms develop a slight positive charge making the molecules "polar". This slight charge means that when water molecules are close together, the positively charged hydrogen atoms are attracted towards...

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