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Mineral Nutrition Plants are autotropic and must obtain the nutrients they need to live from the soil, which they grow. The minerals enter the plants through its roots into the xylem. Most absorption takes place in the root hair where cells in the outmost layer have extension, which penetrate between the particles in the soil. The minerals are dissolved in a film of water and diffuse into root hair cells. However, minerals are also taken up by active transport. This is because the concentration of ions in the soil is higher than the concentration in the root hair cells, so it moves against its concentration gradient. This is an active process requiring energy from respiration. Once inside the root hairs, the ions follows the uptake of water and are transported into the xylem through the symplast and apoplast pathway. In the symplast pathway, the ion that is dissolved in water moves...

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