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How are aquatic invertebrates adapted for gas exchange? Some of the invertebrates that were observed had a large surface area to volume ratio like the flatworm, which was found close to rocks in shallow areas. The flatworms are able to flatten themselves, which increases the surface area meaning there is less distance internally in the flatworm meaning the amount of diffusion is reduced. In deeper areas of the river oxygen is in short supply so when the organisms go the surface maximum oxygen needs to be collected. This can be done by the use of hairs called plastrons on the under side of the abdomen to collect an air bubble from the surface so the organisms can return to the depths of the water and use the oxygen it has collected until it runs out. This sort of adaptation can be found on water beetles such as platambus maculates. There were some aquatic...

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