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14th November 2003 Formulation practical - Emulsions Introduction An emulsion consists of two immiscible liquids, one liquid dispersed in another, the dispersed droplets being termed the disperse phase, which is a finely subdivided liquid that is uniformly distributed throughout the surrounding liquid, the continuous phase. Emulsions can be water-in-oil (w/o) or oil-in-water (o/w) systems. Multiple emulsions can also be formed, for example, an initial water-in-oil emulsion can be prepared, and then emulsified with an external water phase. This would produce a water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion. An oil-in-water-in-oil (o/w/o) emulsion would be produced in a similar way. An emulsion is stabilised by an emulsifier, which produces an interfacial film between the oil/water interphase, which is mechanically strong enough to prevent the emulsion from breaking. Emulsifiers have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, but neither is completely dominant, however it should be more soluble in the continuous phase, so that it can adsorb quickly around the dispersed...

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