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Karen Baker Biology Essay: Describe the Structural and Physiological Adaptations Shown by Invertebrates to Varying Oxygen Concentrations. For aquatic animals, changes in oxygen concentration are particularly important because many aquatic animals cannot survive when oxygen concentrations dip below a certain level. Oxygen concentrations also determine the solubility of several important substances, notably phosphate, iron, and manganese. One problem faced is that the oxygen concentration in water is a great deal less than that of air, as oxygen is soluble in water only to a limited extent, so the respiratory gases needed are much less available in water than they are in air. Also, oxygen availability is temperature dependent. The solubility of any gas in water depends on the temperature of medium: the warmer the medium, the lower the concentration of gas which can be dissolved in it: Water viscosity is also much greater than air viscosity. Viscosity is the tendency of the fluid to...

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