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Outline and assess the view that the way schools and teaching are organised is more important than external influences, such as the home, in explaining working-class underachievement.
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Kirstine Duncan A2 Sociology Outline and assess the view that the way schools and teaching are organised is more important than external influences, such as the home, in explaining working-class underachievement. Working class pupils' underachievement at school may be due to the way school life is structured and the information is delivered. Teachers will use methods of communication that are unfamiliar to working class children which puts them at an immediate disadvantage as the education system is automatically biased against them. Bernstein found differences in the way middle class and working class people communicate. He referred to these as 'codes,' stating that working class people are largely limited to using the 'restricted code' and the middle class the 'elaborated code.' The restricted code is a type of shorthand speech, which is often used between family and friends when the other party in the conversation shares the same common assumptions. In restricted speech sentences are...
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