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The Classical School of Criminology The Classical School of Criminology evolved out of a response against the barbaric system of law, justice and punishment that subsisted before 1789. It sought an emphasis on free will and human rationality. The Classical School was not interested in studying criminals, but rather law-making and legal processing. They believed that humans were hedonistic but rational beings, deterred from unlawful behaviour by threat of sanction. Therefore, punishment is made in order to deter people from committing crime. Classical theory focused on a legal definition of crime rather than a definition of criminal behaviour. Two famous philosophers of this classical epoch were Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham. Beccaria focused on the law, its punishments, and its outcome on the individual--crime was a result of bad laws not bad people; Bentham was concerned with utilitarianism-the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Both men supported the...

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