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A history of the Qur'anic Challenges I have tried to quote as many references as possible to avoid the views of the author who is writing about this topic. The main source that I used to cross check was Encyclopedia Of Islam published by E J Brill, Leiden. This is definitely a monumental source for most of the information regarding the biographies of the people. So here we go: Ibn Al-Mukaffa': In the Encyclopedia Of Islam we see that: One highly individual aspect of the spiritual interests of this [i.e., Ibn al-Mukaffa'] writer is finally revealed by the fragments (if they are authentic, as we believe) of a religious work, a Manichaean apologia, preserved in the refutation made a century later by Zaydi Imam al Qasim b. Ibrahim, in a treatise published by M Guidi. We are already familiar with the charges brought against Ibn al-Mukaffa' of having attemped to make an "imitation"...

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