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This raises the interesting question of how collision avoidance amongst pedestrians is achieved. Several studies have been carried out to investigate the behaviour of pedestrians, and descriptions of these can be found in Hirsch (1970
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Observational Studies of Pedestrian Behaviour If we watch people walking along a street it is noticeable that they very rarely bump into one another. Furthermore, they seem to avoid each other with very little difficulty. This raises the interesting question of how collision avoidance amongst pedestrians is achieved. Several studies have been carried out to investigate the behaviour of pedestrians, and descriptions of these can be found in Hirsch (1970), Henderson and Lyons (1972), Morris (1967) and Stilitz (1970). Such studies reveal that people tend to keep to the right of the pavement: thus some will be walking on the inside, away from the road, and others, walking in the opposite direction, on the outside and close to the road. Goffman (1972) has termed this behaviour 'lane formation', whilst Collett and Marsh (1981) have called it 'pedestrian streaming'. Where lane formation occurs, those pedestrians who wish to quicken their pace may either...
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