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Outline and evaluate two theories of aggression. Baron described aggression as 'behaviour designed to harm or injure another who is motivated to avoid such treatment'. According to Berkowitz (1989) and Bandura (1965) although the aggressive behaviour in animals can be explained in terms of instinctive drives, aggression in humans is the product of learning. They claim that aggressive behaviour is learned either through direct experience or by observing others. Learning by direct experience is derived from Skinner's principles of operant reinforcement. In other words if a child pushes another child and as a result gets something they want, the action is reinforced and is more likely to occur in similar situations in the future. Learning through observing others usually occurs when a child sees a role model behaving in a particular way and reproduces the behaviour. The child is then said to be imitating the behaviour of the model. For...

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