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Discuss examples of the deliberate alteration of human behaviour Behaviour consists of learned responses to simple stimuli. One example of the use of deliberate alteration of behaviour is with phobias. In the learning approach, phobias are seen as the result of maladaptive learning by classical conditioning. If at some time a fearful, even traumatic, event has occurred then, by classical conditioning the person experiencing this may associate it with anything that was around at the time. Behaviour therapy is the means of treating phobias using classical conditioning. Joseph Wolpe (1958) developed a procedure known as systematic desensitisation that consists of three phases: relaxation training, construction of fear hierarchy and counter-conditioning by pairing the feared object with a relaxation response. The patient is first trained in deep muscle relaxation. In this phase, the patient constructs a list of feared stimuli, starting from the least feared, to the most disturbing. In the next phase,...

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