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Critically discuss evolutionary perspectives on essential gender differences and human sexuality Gender and sexual behaviour are the most common "arenas" for a battle between essentialists and social constructionists' stance. Are the gender differences and sexuality biologically predetermined or they are socially constructed phenomena? The stand point taken by Essentialism implies that certain phenomena are natural, inevitable, universal and biologically determined (Irvine, 1990 in DeLamater and Hyde, 1998). Berger & Luckmann (1966) stated that sexuality is "grounded in biological drives", thus our sexual behaviour is driven by those drives (DeLamater & Hyde, 1998). The opposing camp, social constructionist stance argues that "reality is socially constructed" (Berger & Luckmann, 1996 in DeLamater & Hyde, 1998, p 13). According to Gagnon & Simon (1990) sexuality is created by culture and varies through history and cultures (Delamater & Hyde 1998). Perhaps, sexuality is the reason for existence of two genders (Oliver & Hyde in Baumeister, 2001). Socio-biological...

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