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Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann stood trial in 1961 for his part in the execution of thousands of Jews in the Holocaust. His defence was that he was 'only obeying orders'. This prompted Stanley Milgram a psychological researcher at Yale University to conduct a laboratory experiment on 'Obedience to authority'. His hypothesis 'are Germans different'. Milgram's obedience studies were: "probably the most disturbing, most discussed, most critised and most notorious in the history of psychology" (McGhee, 2001) The experiment took place at the prestigious Yale University, forty participants were selected from replies to a newspaper advertisement offering $4 for an hours work to take part in an experiment on the effects of 'punishment and learning' they were also informed they were free to leave at any time. The real reason for the experiment was kept from the participants as this would have led to demand characteristics. The experiment went ahead and in turn each participant was greeted...

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