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Q. Outline and evaluate Explanations of Attachment. (18 marks) Attachment is a strong, reciprocal, emotional bond between an infant and their caregiver that is characterised by the desire to maintain proximity. Attachments take different forms, such as secure or insecure. Infants display attachment through the degree of separation distress shown when separated from the caregiver, pleasure at reunion and stranger anxiety. Freud proposed and explanation of attachment known as the psychodynamic theory. He suggests the first major stage of psychosexual development is the oral stage, where the mother is the primary love object because she feeds the child. Freud saw this first relationship as a foundation for all future relationships. If it was loving and caring then the chid developed the ability to give and receive love; if not then adult relationships would be unsatisfactory. Harlow (1959) demonstrates 'cupboard love' isn't a valid explanation for infant attachment behaviour, as babies...

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