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John Bowlby and maternal deprivation Bowlby believed that maternal behaviour was instinctive in humans as it appears to be in animals. Mothers and their babies form an instinctive attachment to each other using genetically inherited skills such as smiling, grasping, crying and so on. If a separation occurs between mother and infant within the first few years of the child's life, Bowlby believed that the bond would be irreversibly broken, leading to severe emotional consequences for the infant in later life. He referred to this as maternal deprivation. Bowlby claimed that maternal deprivation had the following consequences: 1. Aggressiveness 5. Depression 2. Delinquency 6. Dependency anxiety (being 'clinging') 3. Dwarfism (retarded growth) 7. Affectionless psychopathy (showing no feelings for others) 4. Intellectual retardation 8. Social maladjustment (To help you remember these, the first letters of each spell ADDIDDAS) Evidence for these claims comes from a number of research studies including: Spitz, Spitz & Wolf, Goldfarb, Robertson & Robertson & Reading: Davenport...

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