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How can intelligence be tested? Critically evaluate the underlying assumptions of intelligence tests. Intelligence is a very controversial. It is seen as an obsession in daily life and focuses on certain types of intelligence. Francis Galton was the first person to design a 'mental' test. Galton believed that an individual's mental ability could be determined through the deviation of their performance on a simple test to the mean. He believed that the greater a person's sensory perception the more intelligence they had. However, Galton never produced a theory about intelligence testing, but paved the way for other psychologists to produce theories and tests. Spearman's (1904) theory suggested that intelligence was an innate, inherited quality. He suggested that there were two main factors that determined a person's intelligence; these were general intelligence, needed to perform all tasks and specific intelligence, which is needed to perform specific tasks .i.e., most people can drink out...

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