Examine the view that childhood today is not a fixed universal experience.
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Examine the view that childhood today is not a fixed universal experience (20 marks) The definition of "childhood" is 'a state or period of being a child'. Many children in society today do not experience this and in the past did not either. Phillipe Aries (1962) suggested that what we experience today as childhood is only a recent social invention. Children in pre-industrial society were "little adults" who took part in the same work and play activities as adults. Toys and games did not exist specifically for children. Children were seen as an economic asset rather than as a symbol of people's love for one another. The death rate of pre-industrial society was so high that investing emotionally in children was difficult. After industrialisation working class attitudes were similar to those above. Working class children were frequently found working in mines, factories and mills. However, according to Aries, middle class attitudes...


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