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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT a) Describe a theory into Cognitive Development and b) Critically evaluate and discuss how it is applied to education. Vygotsky believed that children's cognitive development took place as the result of social interactions between children and other people. He identified two forms of mental functions:- elementary mental functions (innate capacities such as sensation) and higher mental functions (problem solving). He believed that cultural influences transform elementary functions into higher mental functions, so without culture, a child could not progress from elementary mental functions. According to Vygotsky, culture is transmitted via language and the help of persons with greater knowledge. Adults, who have more knowledge, can provide a supportive context within which the child is guided towards the solution of problems. This is the idea behind Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), the developmental process where children move from an initial stage at which children are able to do things independently. For example,...

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