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B. F. Skinner 1904 - 1990 B. F. Skinner published controversial works on animal behaviour and on his ideas of a utopian society based on his theories. Skinner's experiments in operant conditioning: An animal (usually a rat or a pigeon) was placed in a 'Skinner - Box', this animal was conditioned to get a food reward if it learned to press or to peck a device. After training, the animal showed a conditioned response (pushing of lever) in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus (food) as the response was reinforced (by a sound). Skinner developed a simple feedback system called 'operant conditioning'. Operant conditioning involved reinforcing and shaping spontaneous responses by delivering scheduled negative or positive reinforcers (electric shock or food) as a consequence to the conditioned response, this made the response more probable in the future. Real life examples of operant conditioning are: * Working for a weekly pay check or disciplining a child...

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