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Approaches to psychology Behaviourist and cognitive approaches BIOLOGISTS AND PSYCHOLOGISTS have approached the study of animal behaviour from different perspectives. These differences can be attributed in part to differences in the nature of the questions they ask. The goal of biologists--typically, zoologists and behavioural ecologists--is to understand how animal behaviour contributes to survival and reproductive success. The behaviours of primary interest have been those that are genetically predisposed or those that are typical of the species. One would expect the behaviour of different species to have varied as they evolved in different environments and under different evolutionary pressures. Thus, the goal of research would be to look for patterns or correlations between environmental pressures and evolved behaviour. Psychologists, on the other hand, have tended to approach the study of animal behaviour primarily from the perspective of the flexibility of the individual animal. The greater part of naturally occurring behaviour in most animals, especially...

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