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Levels of Processing Theory Craik and Lockhart (1972) said the concept of rehearsal is not enough to account for LTM. Their theory focuses on how incoming information is processed. They said that it is the level of processing that determines whether or not something is stored in the LTM. This means if you process something a lot or deeply by giving it a meaning it will be stored, whereas if you process something superficially then it will not be stored in the LTM. Craik and Lockhart decided there were 3 levels of processing. Physical Processing which is what it looks like, Phonemic Processing which is what it sounds like and Semantic Processing which is what it means. Craik and Tulving aimed to show if semantic processing led to better recall. Participants were shown a list of words which were 5 letter concrete nouns, for example, 'table'. They were asked 3...

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