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5/11/04 G.Milbourn Limits of the Prime Minister The formal constitutional powers listed in the previous answer 'The powers of the Prime Minister' are subject to a number of restraints in practice, which means that the British PM is not as powerful as often assumed, or as commonly alleged by critics. The large number of main constraints are as follows: Constraints on the power of patronage> If the party has been in opposition, then the first Cabinet appointed after a general election victory is usually the shadow cabinet.> Some MPs will have such extensive experience or authority that they can hardly be omitted> Some MPs have sizeable backbench followings. Omitting them from the cabinet might lead to dissatisfaction on the backbenches, possibly in the form of 'cabals' or factions which might eventually lead to a leadership challenge. At the very least, disgruntled MPs might withhold their support in parliamentary votes ('divisions') on the government policies...

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