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M-theory is a solution proposed for the unknown theory of everything which would combine all five superstring theories and 11-dimensional supergravity together. According to Dr. Edward Witten, who proposed the theory, mathematical tools which have yet to be invented are needed in order to fully understand it. M-theory's relation to superstrings and supergravity M-Theory in various geometric backgrounds is associated with the different superstring theories (in different geometric backgrounds), and these limits are related to each other by the principle of dualism. Two physical theories are dual to each other if they have identical physics after a certain mathematical transformation. Type IIA and IIB are related by T-duality, as are the two Heterotic theories. Type I and Heterotic SO(32) are related by the S-duality. Type IIB is also S-dual with itself. * The type II theories have two supersymmetries in the ten-dimensional sense, the rest just one. * The type I theory is special...

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